About translating standard controversy, no matter home or abroad, of time long, of the number, be afraid the first of all in theory discussion learns in interpret. Why to translate a standard to you can be caused so long the attention of so much person and controversy? Why can you argue so long return short of consensus? Why to believe ” , “ equivalence ” and “ equivalent ” to there are a variety of different explanations to “ ? The person that why holds to “ to believe ” , “ equivalence ” or “ equivalent ” (include presenter) helpless explanation says “ is believed also is not absolutely ” , are “ equivalence and equivalent completely equal ” ? The reason is more complex, but main reason is we are opposite especially to value theory the academic research that evaluates a system is inadequate, know inadequacy to evaluating standard complexity. The theory that the article drafts to evaluate a system with value reachs the controversy that its concern to have sex of a few explanations to translating a standard discuss. Translate the standard that the value that the standard translates actually namely evaluates. So what is value? Marx (1963:406) says: &Ldquo; value this general concept is the generation in the relation that handles the outside matter that satisfies them to need from people. ” object satisfies this kind of relationship that main body needs, it is value concern. Object place has the quality that some contented main body need, it is the value of object. Proper to value concern understanding and report are value truth, to the evaluation that this kind of value concerns, it is value evaluation. Should apply this kind of value to evaluate theory to study the interpreter's standard, still must make a few crucial categories that understand this academic system. It is ” of “ value main body and ” of “ value object above all, former include whole of individual, group, mankind 3 administrative levels, have the substaintial property such as natural sex, sociality, dynamic role. Latter is main body transforms the object with understanding, have the substaintial property such as sex of objectivity, object, historic, systematization. The relation between both makes a complex value system, there are practice relation, understanding relation, value concern and aesthetic concern between the both in this system. Knowing what the relation goes after is the “ that how should main body hold object true ” , what value concern goes after is the ” of “ be apt to that how should main body achieve pair of mankind societies, what aesthetic relation goes after is the “ beautiful ” that how should main body reflect oneself. These pursuit of main body are in only establish of the ability in practicing a relation and implementation, because substaintial force of the person is passed only,carry out an object “ person to change ” ability establish and implementation its purpose. The result of practice should accord with regularity not only, accord with purpose sex even, the “ that this is value is explicit immanent ” of ” and “ two measure. In practicing a relation, the purpose sex of main body is many sided, the affirmation that shows pair of object accordingly, negative the pursuit that waits for many direction with creation. And object also is mutiple level to the action of main body with much angle, be fluctuant inside the limits with the quantity character, and can have direct with indirect cent, long with brief classify. It is ” of “ value sense next. Value sense is philosophical idea, it is the soul in world outlook and philosophy, it is that afore-mentioned complex value concern systems the report in the person's brains. It is to regard as ideological and of existence. Value sense is known by value psychology, value and 3 element make value evaluation standard. Value psychology belongs to perceptual administrative levels, the; value understanding such as the desire that basically behaves humanness, interest and affection belongs to rational administrative levels, truth of its attention value, law of value and ” of ideal of;“ of value evaluation problem are in value understanding house core position, can regard value as the soul of understanding. The highest wisdom that because ideal is,condensed a person and the highest value cause that construction gives. Have vivid, bright and beautiful figure commonly, its characteristic is can the need of the highest administrative levels that utmost ground satisfies a person, and accord with the rule, have the possibility of progressively implementation and requirement. The force of the huge attraction that condition and possibility union rise to be able to form pair of people, cohesive affinity and encouragement. Evaluation standard can say the concentration that is value sense is behaved, its characteristic is evaluation sex, of normative sex, and have corporeality, historic completely not as synchronous as the development change that value concerns sex. It is built on the foundation that unites in main body need and object attribute. (King heart of superior grade, 1993:2- we made clear 23) ” of ” of “ value main body, “ value object and ” of “ value sense 3 basic categories, can build a more scientific value to evaluate standard system in the compose on this foundation. We know, in value concern, the need of value main body (namely purpose) have two arrangement at least, the need of the sort that is pair of value object or type is different, and the need of individual, group and human whole also won't agree completely. The 2 need that are pair of object have the difference on degree. Size differs the value of its degree, from arrive greatly small, or arrive to be able to form a gather greatly as a child. And the need that value object satisfies main body with his attribute also can be divided give two arrangement, it is the satisfaction that offers sort to differ, 2 it is the satisfaction that offers degree to differ. According to afore-mentioned analysis, differ in order to satisfy the level that main body needs for the standard, evaluation standard can differentiate to be mixed for ideal level, higher level, moderate level, lowest standard at least the standard that lose a value. Differ in order to satisfy the sort that main body needs for the standard, evaluating mark standard is a multivariate system, standard of phyletic and different assessment also should differ. Former can make fore-and-aft system, latter can make transverse system, fore-and-aft system studies the general character that evaluates a standard is given priority to, transverse system studies the individual character that evaluates a standard is given priority to, mutual correlation formed both a coordinate is. Specific say, there is main body to satisfy the question with different level when value of object of evaluation avery kind of namely. We built freely system of two-way evaluation standard, OK practice of interpreter of better land explanation and the problem in translating research, drive its to develop. Interpreter standard basically involves value main body and value object, what it should evaluate basically is advocate the value between object concerns, it is the purpose; that whether the creation that should see value boy or girl friend realized main body object to turn an activity character actually 2 it is the need that should see value object satisfy main body finally. The estate that the main body in translating a standard is translator individual and his place, class, nation, country and complete mankind, is translator individual not just. The goal that translates an activity so is many sided, what what when the purpose of this kind of many sided can affect the translator choice to original work and interpreter certainly, adopt is politic. The requirement of a few administrative levels besides translator wants to come out through translator expression, so translator can serve as the delegate of main body. The interpreter's object is very complex, it includes objective world (society of nature, mankind and thinking 3 domains) , textual author, textual, textual reader, still incorporate direct object translation and reader of indirect object translation. To translator, want the different attribute of different to so much object to machine, the value boy or girl friend that creation needs into contented main body (translation) be very not easy, because ask translation wants to accord with the requirement of measure of value of “ explicit ” already, want to accord with the requirement of measure of value of “ immanent ” again. And the relation between these object is daedal. Although object administrative levels is very much, but the attribute that its satisfy main body to need can pass translation talent show to come out only in the interpreter, so translation can serve as the delegate of object. Existing to meet relation, value concern, aesthetic relation and practice concern between the translator in translating a standard and translation. What translator shows the object that is a delegate to translation to hold in meeting a concern is true, the main body that this is one of main content that evaluate a standard reflects the real rate problem of object, namely regularity the measure of explicit ” of this value “ . The value concern between translator and translation basically shows translator how to make translation is helpful for translator and the estate that its belong to, class, nation, country and complete mankind. The rate issue that the purpose sex of the main body that this is one of main content that evaluate a standard realizes, perhaps saying is the rate issue that object satisfies main body to need, namely purpose sex the measure of immanent ” of this value “ . This problem did not take seriously in translating a standard to consider in the past, for instance “ believes equivalent of Da Ya ” , “ equivalence ” , “ ” and “ are faithful waited to take the understanding between translator and translation seriously to concern with clear and coherent ” , but ignored the value concern between both. 20 centuries Reiss of scholar of the Germany at the beginning of 80 time mixes 70 time end Vermeer(2000:67 - 99) put forward teleology (after Skopos Theory) , just begin to understand this problem gradually. Actually this problem from since having an interpreter, exist, because traditional interpret is talked,just emphasize translation only faithful to textual “ ” , and the understanding that ignored this principal part that is a delegate with translator and the activity that transform object. Had the measure of “ immanent ” of this value, opposite goes not approbatory interpreter, it may not be a bad idea explained now. For instance Lin Shu's interpreter, Yan Fu's interpreter, Pound's interpreter waits. These interpreter work are the destination that the delegate that translator regards whole main body as decides firstly to come true the result of the different choice that politic to original work and interpreter place makes, resemble compiling, the means of a kind of behavior that translator implementation purpose is like picking interpret. There still is aesthetic concern between translator and translation, this kind of relation basically is behaved how to reflect oneself to be opposite through translation for translator beautiful pursuit. The essence of aesthetic relation is translator hold to the spirit of translation and the affirmation of substaintial to oneself force, it is afore-mentioned understanding relations and the unity that value concerns, it is formed in practicing a relation and develop. In the research that translating a standard in the past, people noticed this issue, ” of “ letter Da Ya is for instance medium, british peaceful is strapped especially (A.L. The interpreter of Tytler) in 3 principles, the one share that evaluates translation standard included “ aesthetic ” in the standard that translates in literature especially. The aesthetic relation between translator and translation is widespread presence, so only should interpreter practice is put in this kind of relation, because this is literature not merely,the interpreter just exists aesthetic problem, the interpreter of all and different text version should pay close attention to this problem. Yang Zijian (1994:8) say: &We ought to center Ldquo; the scientific sex content that energy studies to translate reachs his to distributing the rule, study the content that translates artistic quality reachs his to behave a form, study the relation of metaphrase and free translation and its law. This kind considers not to answer an interpreter of literature of be confined to, and should undertake in the interpreter of all sorts of style. Mr Yang says the problem of the artistic quality that reach is aesthetic problem. But this problem translates the attention that everybody has not caused up to now in research in blame literature. There still is one to plant between translator and translation the most essential, most fundamental practice concerns, 3 kinds of afore-mentioned relations want to in practicing a relation ability comes true and be finished. The result of practice reflected the unity of 3 kinds of afore-mentioned relations of translator and translation, namely of purpose sex and regularity both adj and unified. Pass the analysis above, we can see, there is complex multiple concern between translator and translation, the interpreter that formed need of a translator and translation attribute to unite evaluates a system. So what are translator need and the content with translation unified attribute? How are they shown come out? This is in front the rate issue that aesthetic pursuit implements the reflects to complex object real rate problem that the translator that has proved is carried out through the interpreter and translation expression comes out and the rate issue that contented mankind needs and principal part. We bring into these 3 content in front the fore-and-aft system that compose builds, can reach the interpreter level with very high catholicity is fore-and-aft system: radon of Dong of harmonious of You of a surname of firm of ⒚ of Jin ⑸ Pi sunlights flesh ⒔ fine murder sunlights flesh ⒅ instrument is short of sunlight disclose of flesh ⒆ Wan sunlights oneself appear brown to should sunlight flesh U as concubine of an emperor spill emperor of Xian of a surname where bilking and? of Lai of the pagoda tree that conceive Buddhist templeput on the brakes their connotation and denotative. What so this fore-and-aft standard accords with an interpreter is actual, also accord with apodeictic the theory that concerns with opposite truth. Ideal level cardinal principle is equivalent to apodeictic, it is the highest value target of translation, it condensed translator the highest ideal to translation and wisdom, that is to say translation is in the true 3 respects can the need of the highest administrative levels that utmost ground satisfies human society. According to the past is long-term in light of this the standard problem such as equivalent ” of vexed “ letter ” , “ equivalence ” , “ with respect to be readily solved, the ” such as the “ that also does not need to explain “ equivalence ” and “ equivalent ” helplessly is not equal, however approximate. Because they attribute ideal level. Although ideal level cannot become reality very quickly, but the value that can say it does not have existence anything but, its value is other a few kinds of standards cannot replace, it is the measure of the interpreter of top level, it is the target of pursuit. It has very big attraction, cohesive affinity and the power with encouragement to translator. The mankind is engaged in an any careers having ideal level, it is the fountainhead of force. Like struggling for communistic target like us, its value anything but because of short-term cannot come true as soon as possible and reduce, instead because cannot short-term become reality and valence watch is tall, the power of generation is greater, the direction that because it enlightened like beacon,advances. Higher level, moderate level, lowest standard is to examine the level with the different rate that translation reflects the true, just as its name implies, translation of higher level requirement reflects the true rate taller, it is the standard that evaluates outstanding interpret to make. Moderate level is on namely taller with lowest between, requirement translation reflects the true to reach moderate level. Lowermost standard is the mainest demand that says translation achieved the true, this standard is used in translating an exam to be able to regard the level that is pass mark. Want to apply these a few standards to evaluate translation, we still must be made to the standard of the true decompose the job, split up each content into the item that holds more easily, can achieve a level so incorporate, increase the objectivity that evaluates to translation and accuracy thereby. Such categorical become divided studies we were done seldom in the past, for instance “ believed Da Ya ” to discuss centenary, explain the individual's understanding only, and had done this kind of become divided to study the work without the person. Till 1990 " outline of education of high grade of college English major " (try out this) publish, just had this kind of attempt. It is become divided of “ faithful ” style of information, mood, style 3, it is become divided of “ clear and coherent ” make pauses in reading unpunctuated ancient writings, sentence type, pick word, echo, literary talent 5. The true can split up completely each so a few specific projects, this problem we will only civil discuss, raise the question only here, do not grant to spread out. About losing a value the standard goes, we put forward so, it is to want to take care of a kind of subsistent circumstance in evaluating a system, strive to make evaluation system wholer. We know value object (translation) the level that contented main body needs is a variable, have value also has negative value, once appear,lose overbalance the state of value, so the standard that evaluates this kind of condition enjoys worth level with respect to need. Research is losing value and the way that its change each other and condition is a significant work, can prevent value translate into loses value, also can make value of negative value Xiang Zheng change, prevent to produce the culture rubbish that gives deleterious mankind society. How do language and text type satisfy the need of value main body if the transverse system attention that translates a standard is different. In the past our research mostly the different type of style of be confined to, wang Zunliang (1989:3- 4) says: &It is OK that Ldquo; appears according to different style, decide different interpret way. For example information kind interpret meaning, literary kind of translation, announcement, advertisement kind interpret body, etc. Alleged suggestion, it is to show content, fact, data is waited a moment, beard do one's best is accurate, expressive law should accord with contemporary international habit. So-called language, it is to show gimmick of the emotional colour of writer individual, literature, configuration is waited a moment, beard do one's best maintains former appearance, because this often needs word-for-word translation. So-called system, it is to show format, means, expression is waited a moment, beard do one's best accords with this body the convention in this language, anything but can ‘ gives priority to ’ with me, the political propaganda paterial that weighs commodity advertisement interpret very into internal heat is waited a moment. Of course, there still is system in body, cannot treat likewise. Be like literary in novel and poetry, apparent interpret law should have different. ” Yang Zijian (1999:86) puts forward “translation Criterion to be able to be transformed on the foundation that Mr Wang studies for: FAITHFULNESS EXPRESSIVENESS X, and can simplify become TC = F E X. Among them the common standard that F and E are of all kinds style, namely;X of general character part is the individual character part that style differs in the standard. How is well and truly affirmatory X the value in different style, should be one of main tasks that will study a standard henceforth. We know ” the mankind is in oral with the speech that all sorts of differring need in written intercourse and text type, different type has different intercourse function, still have in the type small the type of one class. So are these different types how arise? The different need that should be human intercourse causes, perhaps say be to satisfy the need of human intercourse generation. So the need that the substaintial attribute that they distinguish each other is different intercourse, namely the problem that the X that Mr Yang puts forward is worth. In studying transverse system, we should distinguish above all oral intercourse and written intercourse (there was new network communication again now) these two systems, studying the issue that the X in each subsystem is worth respectively after that. X value should be to differentiate the summation of each element in the standard of different speech and text type. So is different choice and creation are being made to speech and text in human intercourse a basis what? Should be intercourse above all person purpose sex, it is the functional sex of different speech and text on the contrary, the person that this different function can offer communication chooses in order to achieve its goal. It is intercourse next person the expressive kind that achieves purpose place to use. Such X values found two content, it is a function, 2 it is expressive means. If be a standard to differentiate with the function speech and text type, former can divide for spoken language kind with written language kind, and written language can be divided again for application kind, news kind, advertisement kind, science and technology kind, political comment kind and literary kind. If be a standard in order to express kind, the type of speech and text can be divided for narrate model, depict, lyric model, specification with comment model. Such we are OK 6 kinds of series that cent becomes the transverse system interpreter standard to be a standard with the function and be a standard in order to express kind 5 model series, that is to say, these two series are the translates a standard transverse system that at present we realise. About freely the relation of two systems, from theoretic we already said to understand, but how is this two-way standard applied to evaluate translation in practice? We show illustrate. For instance the evaluation translates a novel originally, inspect translation to belong to which grade in 5 grade in fore-and-aft standard from face of the true tripartite above all, after that from literary kind and lyric and narrate, depict, integrated model (general novel basically uses means of these 3 kinds of expression) the respect examines translation satisfies main body (the human society that the reader gives priority to) the level that needs to achieve to text type. Of course, these two respects do not part completely, however solid have across, for instance be apt to and examine beautifully to want necessarily with literary kind with integrated model relevant. How to produce the effect of this two-way standard more scientificly, the differentiation issue that still must study the true and text type further reachs the relation between each element that differentiation gives. Hope pay close attention to and everybody discusses the issue of this respect. The place on put together is narrated, we apply value to evaluated theory to analyse the multiple relationship between the main body that is a delegate with translator and the object that are a delegate with translation and its both, with main body need and object attribute photograph are united for theoretical foundation, compose built the fore-and-aft system that translates a standard and transverse system, but abbreviation translates ” of standard freely two-way system for “ . This system is preliminary compose only build, the hope causes interpret bound to learn to pay close attention to and discuss of the person, with trying to improve stage by stage. 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Nanjing: ?2000 of brume of С of Gou of free time ┐ aing concubine of an emperor. [8] Gentzler, edwin. Contemporary Translation Theories [M] . London: Routledge, 1993. [9] Hickey, leo. The Pragmatics Of Translation [C] . Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001. [10]Trosbory, anna. Text Typology And Translation[C] . Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co, 1997. Http://www.studa.net/Translates/080520/14211866-2.html
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